To and fro in the archipelago: Repeated inter-island dispersal and New Guinea's orogeny affect diversification of Delias, the world's largest butterfly genus.

The world's largest butterfly genus Delias, commonly known as Jezebels, comprises ca. 251 species found throughout Asia, Australia, and Melanesia. Most species are endemic to islands in the Indo-Australian Archipelago or to New Guinea and nearby islands in Melanesia, and many species are restricted to montane habitats over 1200 m. We inferred an extensively sampled and well-supported molecular phylogeny of the group to better understand the spatial and temporal dimensions of its diversification. The remarkable diversity of Delias evolved in just ca. 15-16 Myr (crown age). The most recent common ancestor of a clade with most of the species dispersed out of New Guinea ca. 14 Mya, but at least six subsequently diverging lineages dispersed back to the island. Diversification was associated with frequent dispersal of lineages among the islands of the Indo-Australian Archipelago, and the divergence of sister taxa on a single landmass was rare and occurred only on the largest islands, most notably on New Guinea. We conclude that frequent inter-island dispersal during the Neogene-likely facilitated by frequent sea level change-sparked much diversification during that period. Many extant New Guinea lineages started diversifying 5 Mya, suggesting that orogeny facilitated their diversification. Our results largely agree with the most recently proposed species group classification system, and we use our large taxon sample to extend this system to all described species. Finally, we summarize recent insights to speculate how wing pattern evolution, mimicry, and sexual selection might also contribute to these butterflies' rapid speciation and diversification.

A new species related to Ypthima praenubila Leech, 1891 in Vietnam and China (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae).

We describe a new species of satyrine butterfly, Ypthima thao Monastyrskii Lang sp. nov., recently discovered in northern Vietnam and southwestern China. This species is similar to Y. praenubila, which is distributed in the same region, and we speculate on their biogeographic origins.

New taxa and new records of butterflies from Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)nbsp.

A new species and eight new subspecies of Papilionoidea discovered in Vietnam between 2002 and 2020 are described and illustrated. The status of two taxa are revised. New taxa include Pieridae: Delias sanaca bidoupa Monastyrskii Vu subspec. nov. and Talbotia naganum aurelia Monastyrskii Vu subspec. nov.; Nymphalidae: Abrota ganga pulcheria Monastyrskii Vu, subspec. nov.; Bassarona recta consonensis Monastyrskii Vu, subspec. nov.; Pantoporia bieti aurantina Monastyrskii To subspec. nov.; Ragadia latifasciata cristata Monastyrskii Vu, subspec. nov.; Ragadia latifasciata crystallina Monastyrskii Vu, subspec. nov.; Faunis indistincta luctus Monastyrskii Vu subspec. nov. Aemona gialaica Monastyrskii, K. Saito Vu, spec. nov. The taxon infuscata Devyatkin Monastyrskii, previously described as the subspecies Aemona tonkinensis infuscata, was elevated to the species level, while the taxon critias (Ragadia critias Riley Godfrey) was reduced to a subspecies. Three Satyrinae species were recorded from Vietnam for the first time: Palaeonympha opalina Butler, 1871; Ypthima motschulskyi Bremer Grey, 1853; and Ragadia latifasciata Leech, 1891.

A New Species of the Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus Group from Central Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).

The Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus group was recently defined and the status of taxa as well as the number of species was revised. We report here the discovery of a new species from Kon Tum plateau of the Truong Son (Annamite) Range of Central Vietnam, which we describe based on morphological and molecular evidence. Molecular phylogeny shows that the new taxon, G. (P.) wenlingae Hu, Cotton Monastyrskii sp. nov., is sister to G. (P.) daiyuanae Hu, Zhang Cotton, 2018 plus G. (P.) confucius Hu, Duan Cotton, 2018. Molecular dating analysis further suggests that this new species diverged from its sister clade in the Pliocene (~3.5 million years ago). The new taxon constitutes the eighth and southernmost species of the mandarinus group.

Description of two new species of the Lethe manzorum-group (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from China.

The Lethe manzorum-group is studied and two new species (L. sisii sp. nov. and L. giancbozanoi sp. nov.) closely related to L. manzorum (Poujade, 1884) from China are described and illustrated.